Shakeema White Essays - Medicine, Kidney Diseases, Urology

Shakeema White Laboratory Techniques 1. MED115 Spring Semester Dr. Jeffery Rose Renal Ptosis Introduction: Renal Ptosis (nephroptosis), also known as floating kidneys is an abnormal condition of the kidneys when a person is in an upright standing position or lies flat, the kidneys drops down into the pelvic region of the body. Most of the body organs moves when a person changes positions, however, the kidney does not move much. The kidneys is normally held in the lumbar region. This condition is a very rare condition and is most common in women than in men. Many may be affected with this rare condition and not even know it. Etiology: The ca use of renal ptosis is unknown, however, this conditions is mostly found in white women with lack of perirenal fat and facial support. Many studies have shown that 20% of women are diagnosed with this rare condition and is most common in the right kidney. Estimating at 70% reported cases being the right kidney. People with this condition have longer torso than a normal human being. The reason for this, is to allow the kidneys to be displaced and dropped down into the pelvic region. Risk Factors: One of the major risk factors in having renal ptosis, you will have rapid weight loss. Your body would not be able to increase any muscle tone in the abdominal wall. In this case the body would not be able to have muscle growth to protect the other body organs for any other diseases. When women undergo a pregnancy and childbirth, during the gestation period the women's abdominal wall and muscles becomes weak with makes changes in the body causing the women to become more susceptible to having renal ptosis. Signs and Symptoms : Most common symptoms are i ndigestion, belching, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, abdominal distension pain, low back pain with kidney percussion . There are other symptoms that may follow such as urinary symptoms and also digestives symptoms. However, lower back pain accounted for 92%, more than 50% of patients with chronic urinary tract infection symptoms, most of urinary frequency, urgency and other symptoms of bladder irritation. 1/3 of the cases also accompanied by fever or a history of recurrent fever. Occasional lower extremity edema and other symptoms. Diagnosis : Can make a preliminary diagnosis based on a complete medical history and physical examination, physical examination should be palpable and kidney, the kidney is usually easy to touch down, when palpation difficult, so that patients can be up and down a few stairs, and then orthostatic palpation, helps palpable kidneys, upright and recumbent IVP and B-can further confirm the diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria: patients can be symptoms, signs, X-ray inspection of the degree of renal ptosis together to make a judgment. Mild: typical symptoms of back pain, no palpable or just hit lower pole renal, and some patients have kidney area percussion pain, intravenous urography in the renal activity of a vertebral body, ultrasound examination of renal activity is 3cm Sometimes there are hematuria (mostly microscopic) or urinary tract infection complications. Moderate: There are clear symptoms of back pain symptoms associated with digestive and nervous functional aspects palpable kidney, renal angiography activity within two vertebrae, the ultrasound has three activity between 6cm , mostly Complications associated with hematuria or urinary tract infection. Severe: There are definite signs and symptoms, the activity of renal angiography see more than two vertebrae, or, although not more than two vertebrae, but there are obvious distortions ureter, hydronephrosis, renal stones or merger occurs dysfunction, ultrasound Check the kidney activity more than 6cm. Treatment: Treatment varies on the severity of the case. Treatment is as follow for surgical: Treatment department: Surgical Urology Nephrology Medicine Treatment: Surgical treatment of drug rehabilitation treatment Treatment period: 14-30 days The cure rate: 50% -70% Drugs Treatment: Buzhongyiqi pills (pill) Oral Buzhongyiqi Treatment for no surgical is as follow: Non-surgical treatments include high fever calorie diet, increased perirenal fat; more bed rest, bed elevation thigh; strengthening exercises, increased perirenal fat; more bed rest, leg elevation when in bed; strengthening exercises to increase abdominal tension; abdominal massage ; electrical stimulation; elimination of foci of infection; conditioning neurasthenia; the use of various types of renal care c References http://www.healthfrom.com/Disease/view-775.html#5 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1458935-overview http://en.medicine-worlds.com/nefroptoz.htm#1 http://eurodoctor.ucoz.com/blog/nephroptosis_diagnosis_treatment/2012-02-20-778 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1458935-overview#a9

Text of the 14th Amendment

Text of the 14th Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by Congress on June 13, 1866, during the Reconstruction period after the end of the Civil War. Along with the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, it is one of the three Reconstruction amendments. Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment modified Article I, section 2 of the Constitution. It has had far-reaching effects on the relationship between states and the federal government. Text of the 14th Amendment Section 1.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2.Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,* and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3.No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4.The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5.The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. *Changed by section 1 of the 26th amendment.